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The Flute Concerto No. 1 in G major (K. 313) was written in 1778 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Commissioned by the Dutch flutist Ferdinand De Jean in 1777, Mozart was supposed to provide four flute quartets and three flute concerti. He only completed two of the three concerti: K. 313 being the first.〔Flute Concerto No. 1 in G major, K. 313 (K. 285c)]. G. Henle Verlag.〕 The Andante for Flute and Orchestra K. 315 is said to have been written as an alternative slow movement for this concerto. The piece itself is divided into three movements: * I. Allegro maestoso * II. Adagio ma non troppo * III. Rondo: Tempo di Menuetto ==The Life of Mozart== Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 — 5 December 1791) was a German composer, keyboardist, and violinist of the Classical Era. He began performing for European royalty at the early age of five, and by six, he was touring with his sister, Maria Anna 〔 Woodstra, Chris, Gerald Brennan, and Allen Schrott. All Music Guide to Classical Music: The Definitive Guide to Classical Music. San Francisco, CA: Backbeat, 2005. 884-885. Print.〕 For a small amount of time at age 17, he was a court musician in Salzburg, but quickly realized that he wanted to use his talents in a less provincial city. In 1777, He began traveling with his mother in search of work opportunities 〔 Bowers, Jane. "Mozart and the Flute." Early Music (1992): 30-39. Print〕.. He was dismissed from the Salzburg court while away. In 1783, after settling in Vienna, Wolfgang married Constanze Weber, a daughter of a fellow family friend. It was during his stay in Vienna that he wrote a large proportion of his most popular works, including his Requiem. Theories behind his death are widely disputed today though it is placed in records as "hitziges Frieselfieber" or "severe military fever" 〔 "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart." ''Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.'' Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 25 October 2015. Web. 1 November 2015.〕. His Köchel catalogue contains a total of 626 works, which includes operas, symphonies, concertos, string quartets, and sonatas〔 "Köchel catalogue." ''Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.'' Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 25 October 2015. Web. 1 November 2015. 〕 ==Mannheim and the Commission of Ferdinand de Jean== While traveling Europe with his mother, Wolfgang spent about four months in the German city of Mannheim. During this time, Mozart became acquainted with a court flutist by the name of Johann Baptist Wendling. It was through Wendling that he came into contact with Ferdinand de Jean, a local physician and well-known medical scholar who commissioned the works from Mozart. De Jean requested that Mozart provide "three short, simple concerti and a couple of quartets for the flute" 〔 Bowers, Jane. "Mozart and the Flute." Early Music (1992): 30-39. Print. 〕. In exchange for the works, de Jean offered 200 gold pieces. Mozart was unable to complete the commission, releasing two flute concerti (K. 313 and 314) and three flute quartets. The second flute concerto, however, is merely a transposition of Mozart's oboe concerto, K. 314 〔Flute Concerto No. 1 in G major, K. 313 (K. 285c)]. G. Henle Verlag〕. ==Wolfgang and Leopold Mozart== Wolfgang's father, Leopold Mozart, was also a fellow composer and musician. Throughout the beginning of W. A. Mozart's career, his father supported him financially and assisted in finding jobs for him. Many letters were sent to Wolfgang from Leopold, directing him how to interact with the public and his fans. Leopold constantly scolded his son for his openness with others and often warned him against his free-spirited social habits. Mozart experienced a significant amount of pressure from his father throughout his career, and he was constantly providing excuses for not meeting standards. Leopold expressed strong disapproval of the marriage of Wolfgang and Constanze Weber, and did not accept or bless the marriage for multiple months. The father and son wrote letters to each other consistently all through the entirety of each of their lives〔 Schonberg, Harold C. "Prodigy from Salzburg." The Lives of Great Composers. New York: W. W. Norton, 1970. 75-90. Print.〕. ===Mozart's "Aversion" of the Flute=== There is stipulation as to whether Mozart had a particular liking of the flute. The theories of his dislike of the flute are taken from a letter he wrote to his father in regards to why he had not finished the commission of Ferdinand de Jean.
Though this has been said, there is no source that truly clarifies Mozart's liking or disliking of the instrument. It is possible that he feared the disappointment and anger of his father and merely claimed inaccurate reasons for his lack of completion of the commission. 〔 Bowers, Jane. "Mozart and the Flute." Early Music (1992): 30-39. Print.〕 ==Flute Mechanism of the 1700's== In Mozart's era, flutists performed on a four-piece, one-key flute. Like all contemporary flutes, this flute had a head joint with an embouchure hole into which air was blown. The two middle joints had three tone holes each. The foot joint had a seventh tone hole, but it was covered by a key; the lowest note was produced upon opening the key. Though the middle joint of contemporary flutes is one solid joint, the reason for the split joints in the 18th century was for the ability to adjust pitch for various pitch standards of the era. The lowest note of the flute at the time was a D natural, though this varied based on the air column produced by the individual. 〔Bowers, Jane. "Mozart and the Flute." Early Music (1992): 30-39. Print〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flute Concerto No. 1 (Mozart)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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